ABSTRACT
Aim: The present investigation was conducted to approximate the magnitude of genotype × environment interaction effects in mungbean crop and to identify suitable genotypes for northern hilly terrain of India. Methodology: Thirty one promising mungbean genotypes were evaluated in three diverse environments, viz., Srinagar, Berthin and Imphal of northern hilly terrains of India. The individual genotype was planted in 5 rows of 4m length in 3 replications in randomized block design. The statistical analysis was done for Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction (GGE) biplots analysis. Results: ANOVA devised that the genotypes, environment and genotype × environment interactions were significant for grain yield. The first two principal components, PC1 and PC2 described 73.65 and 26.35 percent variations, respectively, of total variation. According to AMMI I, the genotypes such as Pant M 6, RMG 1092, TMB 134, CoGG 13-19, KM 2349, DGG-8, TRCM 87-6-2-1, KM 2241 and MDGGv-16 were highly stable genotypes. GGE biplot analysis revealed that Pant M 6 and TMB 134 as winning genotypes for Berthin while NMK 15-12 and MDGGV-16 were the best genotypes for Srinagar. The genotypes IPM 14-7 and GAM 5 were found best for Imphal. Overall, high yield and most stable genotype was DGG-8 for northern hilly terrains of India. Interpretation: GGE biplot and AMMI approach could be instrumental in appraising the genotypes performance in multi-environments/locations testing for efficient selection of the stable genotypes.
ABSTRACT
Oxidative stress is the root cause of many diseases, affecting the humans by deranging the balance between the oxidants and antioxidants. Pathologies, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, diabetes and cancer have been well associated with the production of free radicals during various metabolic processes. Many medicinal plants are used to treat such kind of diseases since ancient times. Here, we evaluated the medicinal herb Rheum spiciformis Royle (RS), used commonly in folklore to treat many aliments for its potential against oxidative stress. Five different extracts (aqueous, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and PET ether) of RS were evaluated against oxidative stress generated in vitro. Phytochemical constituents were assessed followed by total phenolics, DPPH, reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and in vitro calf thymus DNA damage. The highest phenolic content (TPC) of 1191.65 mg GAE/g was observed in RS-MeOH extract. DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to be highest in RS-MeOH (96.60%) with IC50 125.91 µg/mL. The reducing power of the extracts increased in a concentration dependent manner. Again superoxide radical scavenging activity of RS extracts with IC50 values 34.10 µg/mL (RS-MeOH) for methanol was highest. The H2O2 scavenging activity 84.76 µg/mL shown by RS-MeOH extract at 250 µg/mL of plant extracts was the maximum. RS-MeOH showed great effect to scavenge free radicals as such prevents Calf thymus DNA damage induced by Fenton reaction. These results clearly indicate that RS-MeOH and RS-EtA among the five extracts possesses the highest positive modulatory effect on free radical scavenging on wide variety of free radicals as such can be employed as potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent against various oxidative stress related pathological conditions.
ABSTRACT
Background: Choledocolithiasis may be classified into primary and secondary forms. Primary choledocolithiasis denotes de novo formation of stones, often made of calcium bilirubinate within the ducts. Materials and Methods: The present prospective comparative study was conducted in the Department of Radio Diagnosis and Imaging, SMHS hospital, Government medical college srinagar. Patients admitted or attending OPD in SMHS hospital with suspected obstructive jaundice or who were known case of obstructive jaundice were included in the study. The study was performed on all patients after written informed consent was acquired from them. The study was carried out over a period of 24 months from August 2014 to July 2016. Results: Total 70 patients were selected for this comparative study after taking informed consent. Among 70 patients 50 patients were found to have choledocolithiasis. Rest 20 patients were found to Khan NA, Dar SA, Khan S, Yassar S. Comparative study of diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) with ultrasonography in choledocolithiasis with post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) correlation. IAIM, 2017; 4(2): 35-41. Page 36 have obstructive jaundice due to causes other than choledocolithiasis. Out of 70 patients 40 (57%) patients were female and 30 (43%) patients were male. Conclusion: USG is inexpensive, non-invasive modality for choledocolithiasis, however has low sensitivity for detecting distal CBD calculi.